L-Glu(Otbu)-Otbu-OH

He mea hanga te Ester mai i te tauhohenga esterization o te waikawa parakore, te waikawa waro, te waipiro ranei.Ko te waipiro, te phenol, te anhydride waikawa ranei, te waipiro me te ethylene, te waikawa waikawa kore utu me nga hua hauota ngako ka taea hoki te whakaputa ester.Ko te hauwai kei runga i te alpha-carbon i roto i nga ngota ngota ester ka ngaro te waipiro ngota me tetahi atu ester ngota i raro i nga tikanga kawakore ki te whakaputa i te β-keto ester, e kiia nei ko te ester contraction reaction.Hei tauira, ka hangaia te acetyl acetate hei whakaputa i te acetyl ethyl acetate.He mea tino nui tenei tauhohenga ki te whakahiato waro.

Ko te ingoa o te hākawa i ahu mai i te ingoa ōrite o te waikawa carboxylic me te waipiro, te phenol ranei, penei i "tetahi waikawa me tetahi ester".Ko nga hākawa porowhita ka kiia ko te lactone (lactone).Ko nga ahuatanga matū o te hākawa he rite ki te amyl niche anhydride, he pai ki te hauwai, te waipiro me te tauhohenga haukini.Ko te hākawa-koeke iti he wai kakara, he wai kore tae, he totoka te hākawa matatau.Ko te Estes he whakarewa nui me nga rauemi mata waihanga, a ko etahi ester he raau taero.E ai ki te momo waikawa, ka taea te wehea te ester ki te ester waikawa pararopi me te ester waikawa waro.Ko te Etate, ko te ethyl acetate he ester ngako, ko te acetate he hākawa kakara, ko te namanonate he hākawa hurihanga.